5
Koppert (1995) assessed the effect of Codacide alone and when added to Torque (50%
w/w
fenbutatin oxide) on the natural predators
Macrolophus caliginosus
and
Phytoseiulus persimilis
and
found that there was no significant difference between mortality after spraying, with or without
Codacide.
At
the
Horticulture Pathology
Department,
Plant
Research
Centre,
Australia,
Wicks (1997)
determined if a sensory difference in taint or odour existed between wine produced from vines and
grapes treated with Codacide and wines made from fruit not treated with Codacide.
Triangle tests
were conducted on Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon and no significant difference was found
between treated wine and the control.
In addition to the environmental benefits derived from reduced drift and target bounce afforded by
the use of Codacide Oil (refer sections IV, VI, VII), the University of Florida (Singh, 1992) found that
the use of Codacide Oil also significantly reduces the amount of PPP leaching in soils and
consequently can play an important role in reducing pesticide groundwater contamination.
Using
PBC columns and as determined by ryegrass bioassay, herbicide leaching was assessed for Bromacil,
Simazine, Norflurazon, Diuron, Atrazine and Metolachlor when applied alone and when applied in
combination with Codacide Oil.
Codacide Oil treatments reduced leaching of all herbicides with the effect varying from 8.6% to
37.5%.
Most improvement was found in the case of Simazine where Simazine without Codacide
leached to the depth of 11.2 inches while with Codacide moved to only 7.0 inches indicating an
improvement of 37.5%.
The other significant improvements were observed in the case of bromacil
(27.1%), atrazine (22.2%), and Metolachlor (15.1%) (Singh, 1992).
i.)
Codacide is Non Phytotoxic:
Codacide does not alter, change or modify the targets epiculticular wax layer in any way to improve
penetration or uptake of PPP deposits.
Rather Codacide works in harmony with plant, insect and
fungal surfaces, to more effectively present deposits for their particular mode of actions to be
effectively implemented.
As depicted in Figure 2, Codacide when mixed with PPP forms a thin amorphous film that masks the
formations of wax platelets.
PPP deposits are presented with a high target surface area contact
ratio.
After washing with an acetone solvent system, Figure 3 shows how wax platelets are left
undamaged.
Codacide does not alter target surfaces, but by being of a similar chemical composition
(both are triglycerides) adheres to, spreads, and presents PPP deposits effectively.
It is this natural
affinity with the targets surface that enables the improved uptake of PPPs.
Fig. 2:
Codacide + Glyphosate as a thin
amorphous film masking formations of wax
platelets of wheat leaf (Mag.X5000)
Fig. 3:
Following wash with acetone solvent system
showing undamaged wax platelets (Mag. X850)